Site of the Doane Homestead, Est. 1644, Eastham, MA

Thankful Doane Smith{#27} was the grandmother of Helen (Hopkins) Downs{#19} and until recently, that is all anybody knew about her. Helen's younger brother, Giles{#102}, wrote extensively about our family history and genealogy, but in all of his exhaustive writings she is only mentioned once in an appendix as follows:

"George Edward [Hopkins] (1828-1900); married Thankful Doane Smith, 1848."¹

When you think about it, this is pretty scarce coverage of his Grandmother Hopkins from a genealogist heavily researching his Hopkins family tree. Why did he extensively cover the ancestry of his other three grandparents, but not her. He didn't even provide dates of birth and death after her name as he did for her husband George, his grandfather. All we can conclude is that he didn't know anything more. Thankful Doane Smith was just the name of the woman who became his grandmother by marrying George Hopkins{#26} in 1848. But why the vacuum within this wealth of family history and knowledge?

I'm sure his failure to provide us with more was not for lack of trying. Giles's grandmother died before he was born and his father couldn't provide much since he died when Giles was six. But his mother was around until Giles was in his 30s, and certainly she would have known something about her mother-in-law. Why didn't Giles know more about her?

This lack is as much a mystery as the identity of the woman it surrounds. I may not be able to solve this mystery, but I have learned a bit about who Thankful Doane Smith was, along with her ancestry. This I will share with you here and in future pieces, along with the story of how this information was brought to light.

This Shouldn't be a Big Deal
After I began to work on our family history in 1978, I noticed that I had a dead end on the family tree at my great great grandmother, Thankful Doane Smith. Long before the oddity of this omission really struck me, I set out to get the facts about Thankful. I really thought that this wouldn't be that hard. In fact, I found more information almost immediately.

In March 1953, Helen (Hopkins) Downs submitted an application for membership to the Mayflower Society. In this document, she traces her ancestry back to Stephen Hopkins of the Mayflower and does so through her grandparents George and Thankful Doane (Smith) Hopkins. The original of this document is in my possession and I reproduce the pertinent portion below.

So here is a document, signed by my grandmother, that tells a bit more about our Thankful. We now have some death information and further information on her marriage. This still looks like it won't be too hard. But look closely at the marriage date, "25 Dec. 1849." Uncle Giles had reported 1848, not 1849, but this is probably just a typographical error on Giles' part, or is it?

I now have two places to look for more information. I need to view both the marriage and death records to confirm what I have found and both of these documents should yield more information like birth, parents, etc. I was well on my way to finding the story on this elusive ancestor.

The Brick Wall
I tried to look up the marriage in the index of the records held at the Massachusetts State Archives. I found the listing but the curious thing is that the year was listed as 1848-49. Now was Giles right or the Mayflower Society application? If the fact that the marriage was so close to the new year was causing it to be listed this way, wouldn't it say 1849-50? This would have to wait until I was in Cambridge for some other reason. Living in New Jersey does not make such a trip just to see the record really worth it.

The death record seemed more promising. I visit the Cape often enough, so visiting the Town Hall at Chatham should be easy. To make a long story short, there wasn't any record of her death in Chatham and they searched six months on either side of the date I had given them. Something was wrong with this death information.

I decided to try a different approach to the problem and looked at her name, Thankful Doane Smith. I briefly discussed naming conventions in Cape Cod families in the 19th century in my article on Stillman Higgins{#500}. Families often named children after other family members. Girls were often given their mother's first and maiden names as their first and middle. This was even more likely to happen with the names of grandmothers. Could a Thankful Doane have been the mother, or more likely grandmother, of Thankful Doane Smith? This warranted some research.

I had already checked one source, Ralph Smith (ca. 1610-1685) of Hingham & Eastham, Mass., in the hope that Thankful would be mentioned. This was a manuscript that covered the descendants of Ralph Smith{#954} and since Thankful was a Smith, I felt that she was likely one of his descendants. No such person was listed. But I could check a similar work concerning the Doanes.

Deacon John Doane{#617} settled in Eastham in 1644. In 1869, during Thankful's lifetime, the monument shown at the top of this page was placed to mark the location of John Doane's house and homestead. The Doanes of the Cape can all trace their ancestry directly back to the Deacon. If Thankful was named after a Doane, in all likelihood she could also trace her ancestry back to John. When one wants to find information on a Doane descendant, one looks in the Doane Family and Descendants by Alfred Doane. This rather substantial book attempts to trace every Doane that is descended from John up until the time of it's publication in 1902. I found no fewer than 11 "Thankful Doanes" in this book and even a Thankful Smith. Without going into details, they all proved to be false leads. I couldn't link our Thankful to anyone in the book.

The marriage remained elusive, the death information was just plain wrong and I could find nothing about this woman anywhere. I remained convinced that "Doane" was the key that would unlock this mystery, but this would have to wait several years until I found a clue by accident.

Accidents Will Happen
In 1994 I was filling in some of the holes in my Hopkins information, such as the birth dates for some of my ancestors' siblings. I found a 1951 article on our particular Hopkins family. This covered material forward in time from Stephen{#100} in 1620 and ended with George and his siblings. This additional tidbit about George was shared:

"George E.D. [Hopkins], b. 27 May 1828; m. in Cambridge, Mass., 25 Dec. 1849, Thankful D. Smith, b. Eastham in 1829, daughter of Josiah Smith. Four children and perhaps more."²

Compared to what I had before this discovery, this was quite substantial. If I could trust this researcher, I had confirmed the marriage date on the lineage application and I could add some birth information and a father's name. As his only reference for the information on this family, he cited "Paine: Library of Cape Cod History and Genealogy, #63, 1913." He was referring to a series of 108 paper pamphlets published by C.W. Swift in Yarmouth. Most of these are dated between 1910 and 1920 and they cover all sorts of genealogy and history concerning the Cape. By the time that 1994 arrived, these had long ago worn to dust and were very rare indeed. After locating a copy of this work, I learned that it only went as far as George's parents. Where the author got the information about Thankful would remain a mystery.

But accidents usually happen in threes and this case would prove to be no different. While researching a totally different topic, I found the complete transcribed records for Cambridge, Massachusetts, covering the years that included George and Thankful's marriage. The information appears to be the source for the 1951 Register article since it included it exactly as it was presented in the article.

The third accident happened in 1995 after my father died. My mother gave me some papers that concerned our family history that my father had in his possession. Among these were a couple of sheets that were obviously attachments to my grandmother's Mayflower Society application. One of these sheets cited the sources for the information that was given. The information surrounding Thankful had come from the 1951 Register article.

Let me recap what I now knew about Thankful Doane Smith up to this point in 1995. She was born in 1829 in Eastham, Massachusetts and married George Hopkins in Cambridge on 25 December 1849. Her father was Josiah Smith{#1400}. All of this, regardless of where it appeared ultimately came from their marriage record. I still didn't know when or where she died.

Who's Your Daddy?
Since we know that Thankful was born in 1829 in Eastham, the 1830 Federal Census schedule seemed like a logical place to start. Unfortunately, the 1830 Census only gives us the names of the heads of the households, but it does count everyone and sorts them by sex and age range within the household. I found two different "Josiah Smiths" after checking both Eastham and Orleans, and weeding out any that were obviously too old or not married, etc. Of the two candidates, one living in Eastham and the in Orleans, only the one living in Orleans had a little girl under five years of age in his household. It was the Josiah living in Orleans and I have shown his census entry for 1830 below. This is a doctored image in as much as I cut out quite a few other households on the page so you could see his entry right below the column headings. I hope this will also demonstrate the shortcomings of the early census enumerations.

1830 Federal Census Scedule Showing the Josiah Smith Household

I have highlighted the mark that represents Thankful in red. From this we also learn that both Josiah and his wife are between 30 and 40 years old and have another child, a young boy, in the same age range as their daughter. At least this is one interpretation. When you deal with census records of this era, you need to remember that everyone besides Josiah are just living in his household and no relationship should be assumed or implied. This could just as easily be a widow and her two children that a single Josiah had living with him the month the census was taken. But it does appear to more likely be a mother, father (named Josiah Smith), and their two young children.³

It was about then that I made another discovery quite by accident. While researching another Eastham family, I discovered that a substantial number of marriage records had been discovered in the 1960s in Eastham. They had been recorded in a book that had been used for "Bills of Sale." Why they were recorded in that book has not been explained, but I ran through the list hoping to find something of interest.

In a list of marriages performed in Eastham by "Mr. Shaw" was the following entry:

"Josiah Smith and Rachel Cook February 1819."⁴

At first I was critical about whether this was our Josiah Smith for a number of reasons. The family I was looking for only had two small children under five in 1830. You would think it unlikely they had been married for 11 years. Also, I had expected his wife to have been a Doane, although if she was named after a grandmother, her maternal grandmother may have been a Doane. And the last thing was that Josiah Smith and Rachel Cook{#1399} were married in Eastham and it was the Orleans Josiah Smith who was our candidate as ancestor.

But on closer consideration these misgivings began to dissolve. If you refer to the census image above, you will notice the the two adults were between 30 and 40 years old. It would be reasonable for them to have been married 11 years. You would expect to find some older children at home, but this could be explained in many ways. Maybe they were staying with a relative, or could they have died from an illness? If you consider their ages, an 1819 marriage fits very well.

As far as having our Orleans Josiah married in Eastham, we must remember that according to the marriage record for Thankful, she was born in Eastham. Could this family had recently moved? Could Rachel's family been from Eastham? Could Rachel have had her baby there? Could there be other Smith Children staying there in 1830? An Eastham marriage definitely does not cast any real doubt that this is our Josiah Smith.

There is still the possibility of a Doane maternal grandmother. If Rachel's mother turned out to be anything but a Doane, I would really have some misgivings trying to push this shaky case, but for then I would have to pursue this theory because it is the only one I had. I just needed to remind myself constantly that it may be a false trail. Too often genealogical researchers get a theory and long after they should have abandoned it, they are still trying to force it to fit into their research. This is kind of like the child who tries to force the wrong piece of a jigsaw puzzle into place, even pounding the table to make it fit.

A Shaky Circumstantial Case & the Barnstable Courthouse in 1827
Let's face it. Our case for Thankful's family before she married George Hopkins is pretty shaky and we can blame it, in part, on what happened at the Barnstable County Courthouse in 1827. Anyone doing research on Cape Cod families is familiar with this time and place. A fire burned down the courthouse and most of the records stored there were destroyed. This makes research really difficult and we need to rely on town and parish records which were kept with varying degrees of diligence and may or may not have survived.

The next place I looked was to the 1820, 1840 and 1850 US Census enumerations. The 1820 Census was of interest because Josiah and Rachel were married in 1819, so it is likely they were enumerated as a family. We find them in the 1820 Census living in Orleans. There is only two members of the household, one male and one female, both between 16 and 26 years of age.⁵

In 1840 we find them again living in Orleans. Thankful and her brother (we are still assuming relationships) are there as are another brother and sister between 5 and 10 years old. There are two other girls under 5 too. We also find a woman between 70 and 80 which is probably Josiah's mother or mother-in-law. Could this be our Doane descendant that was the inspiration for Thankful's middle name? And finally we find a young male between 15 and 20 years old. Is he a son that escaped enumeration in 1830?⁶

In the 1840 Census, there was a column to count the number of household members who "Navigate the Ocean." Josiah's household had three, probably Josiah and the two oldest boys. We must remember that boys often went to sea on their first voyage at the age of 12 or 13.⁷ So it would appear that Thankful Doane Smith grew up in a seafaring family.

In 1850 we find this family living in Brookline, Massachusetts.⁸ There was a migration of families from the Cape to the Boston area about this time. The economy on the Cape began to decline for reasons beyond the scope of this article and we find many families living in proximity to each other in places like Cambridge, Brookline, Somerville, Arlington, etc. Thankful's husband, George Hopkins, was born in Boston after his family had moved to the area. Finding them in Brookline actually strengthens our case because the two were married in Cambridge in 1849. The 1850 Census still does not provide relationships, but it now includes the name and age of each person in the household. Our smith family appears like this:

Josiah Smith; 53, Lobster man
Rachel Smith; 52
Josiah C. Smith; 16; Clerk
Rufus P. Smith; 14; at school
William Smith; 12; at school⁹

We have greatly strengthened our circumstantial case. The Rachel Cook and Josiah Smith who married in 1819 are now living in Brookline in proximity to the newly married George and Thankful Hopkins. But what else can we learn about these people in the Smith family, especially Josiah Sr. and Rachel.

I next turned my attention to death records. We find that Rachel Smith, wife of Josiah, died on 13 October 1854 at the age of 57 in the city of Boston.¹⁰ Although it leaves the space for her parents blank, it states that she was born in Eastham. It was at this point, quite by accident, that I stumbled across Rachel Smith in a cemetery survey published by the Eastham Historical Society. According to it, she is buried in Evergreen Cemetery on Route 6 in Eastham.¹¹ Both her stone and the entry in the survey confirm that "Rachel, wife of Josiah Smith died Oct. 12, 1854 aged 57 years."¹² The Descrepency of October 12 versus October 13 should not concern us.

According to his death record, Josiah Smith died in Orleans on 18 May 1864 of Dysentery. It further states that he was born in Orleans and died at age 67 years, 4 months and 15 days. And this time I had hit pay dirt. It stated that his parents were Josiah{#1921} and Phebe Smith{#1922}.¹³ His final resting place remains a mystery. According to the cemetery map included in the above mentioned Historical Society publication, his name is on this plot of graves where his wife is buried. He is listed in the index as buried there, but there is no inscription in the text. Nor is there any stone marking his grave. Having died in Orleans, it would seem silly to have buried him anywhere else except in the plot that he owned, next to his wife. But no stone is there today, nor was there one in October 1987 when the survey was done. Maybe the stone is no longer there, or maybe there never was one and he is buried in an unmarked grave. Either way, if you look at the photo below, you can see Rachel's stone to the left of the empty space. Could this photo show where Josiah is buried in this open space? His name is on this plot on the map.

Five years after Josiah died, there was another burial here for which we have a stone. Luella Berry{#3436} died 5 May 1869 at 42 years of age.¹⁴ This means that she was born about 1827. Could she have been a daughter born to Josiah and Rachel that has fallen through the cracks in our search? This mystery will have to remain for now.

Thankful Doane Smith after she married George Hopkins
As I mentioned before, this couple settled in Boston. In the 1850 Census they appear ten months after there marriage and they have a one month old child, Edward W. Hopkins{#7905}. George was supporting the family by working in a cigar factory.¹⁵

In 1860 we find this family living in the town of Barnstable on the Cape. George is supporting the family by being a carpenter. There are three children now, George E., age 9; Giles, age 6; and Clarence W., age 6 months.¹⁶ At first I thought that George E. Hopkins{#1706} might have been Edward of the previous census, but I located Edward's death record. He died in Boston on 25 September 1850. The cause of death was almost impossible to read, but I think it says "Dis. brain."¹⁷ George Edward Hopkins was born in Boston on 16 June 1851. In his birth record, his father's occupation was listed as carpenter, so the cigar factory must have been a short term thing.¹⁸

Giles Hopkins{#22} was born 4 November 1853 in Winchester, Massachusetts.¹⁹ Giles would become my great grandfather by marrying Cordelia Higgins{#23}, who gave birth to Helen Hopkins who married John Downs as stated in the opening. The 1860 Census is the only record I've ever found for Clarence W. Hopkins{#1707}.

In the 1870 Census we find them living in Harwich, Massachusetts. Besides George and Thankful, who are now 44 and 43 years old, there is George E, whom we met 10 years earlier. He is now 19 and a mariner. In addition we have Elmer E. Hopkins{#1708}, age 9 and Marium [sic.] E. Hopkins, age 3.²⁰ I have never been able to locate any other record concerning Elmer. Marion E. Hopkins{#1709} married George W. Eldredge{#5601} on 12 June 1890 at Chatham, Massachusetts.²¹ George was the son of Captain Marshal Eldredge of the US Lifesaving Service. He was not only Captain of the Monomoy Station, but one of the surfmen who lost their lives during the failed rescue attempt on 17 March 1902. There is a large monument next to Chatham Light to what has ever since been remembered as the Monomoy Disaster.

George E. Hopkins married Florintine Lee{#1710}, the daughter of John B.{#7893} and Rosana Lee{#7894}, on 21 May 1876 in Harwich, Massachusetts.²² They settled down and raised a family both on and off the Cape.

I could not locate either George or Thankful Hopkins in the 1880 Census, and the 1890 Census was destroyed by fire. In another strange twist of fate, I was doing some research on Josiah Smith at the Eastham Public Library and I happened across a volume that contained the compiled vital records for the town of Chatham. After some looking, I found the entry for Thankful Hopkins. She died at Chatham on 7 February 1895²³, two and a half years before the date on the lineage application. This is probably why the clerk at Chatham could not locate the record.

George died on 8 July 1900 in Napa, California.²⁴ I located him in the 1900 Census where he was enumerated 12 days before he died. He was living in the Yount Township Veterans' Home. This facility was originally founded to care for veterans of the Civil War, but by 1900 it was for any US veteran. This suggests that there is some military service during his life that I have not yet uncovered. There is still work to be done here.

What Ever Happened to Josiah Smith and His Family?
We had previously tracked this family up through the 1850 Census. Rachel died in 1854 and we find Josiah in the 1860 Census living in Orleans. He is listed as the head of the household and the other members are Solomon N. Smith, mariner, age 34; George H. Smith, age 28, mariner; and Lizzie W. Smith, age 20. While we are grateful that the 1860 Census gives us names for everyone, it still does not include relationships so we need to be careful.²⁵

Solomon N. Smith{#1703} is a great candidate for that brother that appeared with Thankful in the 1830 Census as children, both under five, of Josiah and Rachel Smith. If he is 34 here, he would have been 4 then. About two months after this census was taken, Solomon died at sea on 30 August 1860 of mortification. This was a very general term used back then to cover various wasting and consuming maladies. He was probably injured and the wound became gangrenous at sea and he died. His parents, according to his death record were Josiah and Elizabeth Smith, but this is probably an error. I believe Solomon is a son of Josiah and Rachel.²⁶

George H. Smith{#1704} probably deserves this distinction too. If he is 28 here, he was born about 1832. He is probably the boy in the 1840 Census between 5 and 10 years old. I have found no other records concerning George Smith. Lizzie W. Smith{#1705} is a candidate to be one of the two girls under 5 years old in the 1840 Census. I'm less sure she is a daughter for a couple of reasons. She does not appear with this family in the 1850 Census. Another reason is her marriage record. Lizzie W. Smith married Nathan B. Silver in Orleans on 6 April 1865. The problem is that her parents are recorded as Josiah and Phebe Smith.²⁷ Could they have mistakenly put her grandparents here? If you recall these are the names of Josiah's parents as listed on his death certificate. Her age on the marriage record is 23.²⁸ In other words she only aged 3 years during a 5 year span. She was 20 in 1960, but this could only be a fudge of 1 year depending on when her birthday was and we can allow her a little vanity. She may very well be a daughter, but I'm not ready to make that determination yet and I'll leave it as unknown for now. She could easily be a neice, cousin or some other close relation. I refuse to try to pound the jigsaw piece and force it to fit.

So What is the Doane Connection?
George Ernest Bowman, founder of the Mayflower Society, collected one of the largest repositories of vital records, wills, deeds and other materials of interest to genealogists. His files were collected into a number of volumes by Susan E. Roser in the 1980s and 1990s. In there we find that Rachel Cook was the daughter of John{#1499} and Rachel (Doane) Cook{#1500}. She was born on 12 September 1797 in Eastham, Massachusetts.²⁹ It appears that Thankful took her middle name from her maternal grandmother after all.

The research on this line continues and much has already come to light; much more than I've revealed here. I will probably make a writing project for each parent of Rachel and Josiah and continue the lines back. Our circumstantial case is now on solid ground. We turned up considerable information on this family and as each new discovery was made, it fit perfectly into the theory we started.

Family Group Pages
George and Thankful D. Hopkins
Josiah and Rachel Smith
John and Rachel Cook

Genealogical Charts
Ancestry of Thankful Doane Smith

Related Articles
Who Was Thankful Doane Smith? Pt. 2; Grandparents & Great Grandparents

Return to Hopkins Family Articles

Sources

The Doane Monument Photo by Jen Otter, 2004
Rachel Smith Gravestone Photo by Bill Downs, 2006
Josiah Smith Cemetery Plot Photo by Bill Downs, 2004.

1. Hopkins, Giles E., This is All There Is, The Complete Uncle Giles, ed. William Downs, CD-ROM (Matawan, NJ: Conceptual Web & Data Services, Privately Published, 2004), 95.

2. Hopkins, Timothy and Margaret Griffith, "Stephen Hopkins of the Mayflower and Some of His Descendants," The New England Historic and Genealogical Register 105 (April 1951): 102.

3. Josiah Smith Household, 1830 US Census, Orleans, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, page 461(stamped), Roll M19 60, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 8, 2004.

4. Nickerson, Vernon R., "Marriage and Marriage Intentions, 1795-1844, Town of Eastham, Massachusetts," Mayflower Source Records, Primary Data Concerning Southeastern Massachusetts, Cape Cod, and the Islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, from The New England Historic and Genealogical Register, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1986), 164, originally published in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register Vol. 123 (April 1969): 117-24.

5. Josiah Smith Household, 1820 US Census, Orleans, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, page 182 (stamped), Roll M33 47, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, September 10, 2004.

6. Josiah Smith Household, 1840 US Census, Orleans, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, page 184 (stamped), Roll M704 173, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 8, 2004.

7. Ibid.

8. Josiah Smith Household, 1850 US Census, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, population schedule, City of Brookline, page 159 (written), dwelling 216, family 264, Roll M432 331, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 8, 2004.

9. Ibid.

10. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Rachel Cook record of death, Boston, vol. 86, page 85.

11. Weiler, Margaret H., Cemetery Inscriptions, Congregational & Soldiers Cemetery, Evergreen Cemetery, Eastham, Mass. (Eastham, Massachusetts: Eastham Historical Society), 22.

12. Rachel Smith Tombstone, Evergreen Cemetery, Eastham, MA.

13. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Josiah Smith record of death, Town of Orleans, vol. 174, page 14.

14. Weiler, Margaret H., Cemetery Inscriptions, Congregational & Soldiers Cemetery, Evergreen Cemetery, Eastham, Mass., 22.

15. George Hopkins Household, 1850 US Census, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Boston, ward 1, page 108 (stamped), dwelling 1215, family 1865, Roll M432 334, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 9, 2004.

16. George Hopkins Household, 1860 US Census, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Town of Barnstable, Centerville post office, page 56 (written), dwelling 503, family 536, Roll M432 334, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 9, 2004.

17. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Edward W. Hopkins record of death, City of Boston, Vol. 50, Page 62.

18. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), George Edward Hopkins birth record, Vol. 53, page 76.

19. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Giles Hopkins record of birth, Winchester, MA, Vol. 73, Page 183.

20. George Hopkins Household, 1870 US Census, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Town of Harwich, Dennisport post office, page 55 (written), dwelling 494, family 538, Roll M593 600, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 9, 2004.

21. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), George Eldredge and Marion Hopkins, marriage entry, Vol. 406, Page 14.

22. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), George Edward Hopkins marriage record, Vol. 280, page 14.

23. Tomlinson, Anna Lowell, Vital Records Town of Chatham Massachusetts, 1851-1900, Volume II (Chatham, Massachusetts: The Chatham Historical Society, Inc., 1994), 307.

24. Lineage application of Helen (Hopkins) Downs, general no. 19560, state no. 4783, The Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, (Stephen Hopkins), approved March 1953.

25. Josiah Smith Household, 1860 US Census, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Town of Orleans, page 174 (written), dwelling 1418, family 1569, Roll M653 486, online <http://www.Ancestry.com>, August 8, 2004.

26. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Solomon N. Smith death record, Vol. 138, page 113.

27. Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 (From original records held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004. Boston Massachusetts.), Lizzie W. Smith and Nathan B. Silver record of marriage, Orleans, MA, Vol. 180, Page 19.

28. Ibid.

29. Roser, Susan E., Mayflower Births & Deaths, from the Files of George Ernest Bowman at the Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants, 2 volumes, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992), 2:75.

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